SURPRISE : EXCLAMATION

In this analogy, "SURPRISE : EXCLAMATION" represents a relationship where the first term (surprise) is often expressed or indicated by the second term (exclamation). Similarly, the correct analogy should reflect a similar relationship where the first term is expressed or indicated by the second term.

The correct option is:

• deference : nod

Here’s why:

• Deference (respect or courteous regard) is often expressed by a nod.
• Surprise is often expressed by an exclamation.

Other options do not fit the same relationship:

• Insolence : bow: Insolence is not typically associated with a bow.
• Dismay : groan: While a groan can express dismay, it is not as direct or specific as the relationship in the correct answer.
• Happiness : grimace: A grimace usually expresses discomfort or displeasure, not happiness.